How To Replace Windshield Wiper Motor is a task you can handle if you follow the right steps and safety rules. In most cars, the job takes one to two hours and basic tools. The key is to confirm the motor is bad before replacing it and to install the new motor in the correct parked position.
If your windshield wipers stopped working, moved slowly, or parked in the wrong spot, the wiper motor may be the issue. This guide explains how the system works, how to diagnose faults, and how to replace the motor without causing damage.
What Does a Windshield Wiper Motor Do?
A windshield wiper motor is a small electric motor that moves your wipers across the glass. It connects to a linkage or transmission that turns motor rotation into back-and-forth motion.
When you turn the wiper switch, power flows from the battery through a fuse and relay to the motor. The motor spins and moves the wiper arms at low or high speed. Most modern cars use a DC motor with built-in park control. This lets the wipers stop at the bottom of the windshield.
There are two main setups:
- Front windshield wiper motor for the main glass
- Rear wiper motor for hatchbacks and SUVs
Each setup has different access points and steps.
What Can Go Wrong with a Windshield Wiper Motor?
Most drivers think that if the wipers stop moving, the motor is dead. This is not always true. Sometimes the wiper motor replacement is the last thing you need. Problems often start in the wiring or the mechanical joints.
One common issue is seized linkage bushings. Over time, dirt and salt get into the metal joints of the transmission. This makes it very hard for the motor to move the arms. If you hear a humming sound but nothing moves, your motor might be trying to work against a stuck linkage.
Another frequent failure is the internal park switch. This tiny part inside the motor tells the blades when to stop at the bottom of the glass. If this switch fails, your wipers might stop right in your field of vision or refuse to turn off at all. This is a clear sign you need a windshield wiper motor replacement.
How to Identify a Faulty Windshield Wiper Motor
Before you spend money on parts, you must be sure the motor is the problem. Many people buy a new motor only to find out they had a blown fuse. Follow these diagnostic steps to save time and money.
Check the Fuse and Relay
Open your fuse box. Look for a fuse labeled “Wiper” or “WASH.” If the metal wire inside the fuse is broken, replace it with one of the same color and number. If the fuse is fine, check the wiper relay. A bad relay can prevent power from reaching the motor. You can often swap the wiper relay with a matching one from the horn or AC to see if the wipers start working.
The Multimeter Test
If the fuses are good, it is time to test for 12 volts at the motor itself.
- Locate the electrical connector on the motor.
- Unplug the harness.
- Turn the ignition on and set the wipers to “High.”
- Use a multi-meter set to DC volts.
- Touch the red probe to the power pin in the harness and the black probe to a clean ground wire or metal part of the frame.
- If the meter shows 12 volts but the motor doesn’t move when plugged in, the motor is faulty.
Inspect the Splines
Sometimes the motor is spinning, but the blades aren’t moving. This often happens because the splines (the tiny teeth) on the pivot shaft have stripped. If the nut holding the wiper arm is loose, the arm will just slide over the teeth instead of moving with them.
Tools and Safety Checklist Before You Start
Prepare first to avoid mistakes.
Basic tools
- Socket set
- Screwdrivers
- Wiper arm puller
- Trim removal tool
- Multimeter
Safety steps
- Park the car on level ground
- Turn ignition off
- Disconnect the battery
- Mark wiper arm position with tape
Disconnecting the battery protects electronics and airbag sensors near the cowl.
Steps How To Replace Windshield Wiper Motor
Now that you are sure the motor is bad, follow these steps to install the new one. Work slowly to avoid cracking your windshield or breaking plastic clips.
1. Mark Your Alignment
Before removing anything, place a small piece of painter’s tape on the glass where the blades sit. This helps with spline alignment later. If you don’t do this, your wipers might slap the side of the car or sit too high when you finish.
2. Remove the Wiper Arms
Pop off the plastic nut cover at the base of each arm. Use your socket to remove the nut. If the arm is stuck, do not pry against the glass. Use a wiper arm puller or gently wiggle the arm at the hinge until it pops off the pivot shaft.
3. Take Off the Cowl
The cowl is the plastic grill between the hood and the glass. It is held by cowl clips or small screws. Carefully remove these and lift the cowl away. Be careful with the washer fluid hoses; you may need to unplug them to move the cowl out of the way.
4. Disconnect and Unbolt the Motor
Find the electrical plug and press the tab to pull it out. Next, unbolt the motor from the car frame. In most cars, the motor is attached to the wiper transmission by one main bolt. Unbolt this link and lift the motor out.
5. Prepare the New Motor
This is the most important step. Most new motors do not come in the “park” position. Plug the new motor into the wiring before installing it. Turn the car on and cycle the wipers once. Let the motor stop on its own. Now the motor is in the correct park position.
6. Installation
Bolt the new motor to the linkage and then to the car frame. Apply a little grease to the joints to prevent future wear. Reattach the cowl and the wiper arms. Align the blades with the tape you placed earlier. Tighten the nuts firmly but do not over-tighten, as you could strip the splines.
You should also know about: How To Replace A Sunroof Motor.
What does a new windshield wiper motor cost?
The price for a windshield wiper motor replacement depends on whether you do it yourself or go to a shop.
Factor | DIY Cost | Professional Cost |
Parts | $50 – $150 | $150 – $300 |
Labor | $0 (Your time) | $100 – $200 |
Total | $50 – $150 | $250 – $500 |
Buying the part yourself saves a lot of money. However, if your car has a complex system with rain sensors, the part may cost more. Always check if the motor comes with the linkage or if you need to reuse your old one.
Final Thoughts
Repairing your car can feel scary, but learning How To Replace Windshield Wiper Motor is a great way to start. It keeps you safe and saves you a trip to the mechanic. If you follow the steps and test your power first, you will succeed.
Sometimes, while working on your wipers, you might notice a small crack or chip in your glass that needs professional help. If you find yourself stuck or need expert glass service, Contact us at the team of Texas Reliable Auto Glass. We are here to keep your vision clear and your vehicle safe on the road.
FAQs
Why do my wipers stop in the middle of the windshield?
This usually means the “park switch” inside the motor has failed. The motor no longer knows where the “bottom” of the sweep is. Replacing the motor is the standard fix for this.
Can I just replace the motor without the linkage?
Yes, in most cars, the motor and linkage are separate. If your wipers move smoothly by hand when the motor is removed, your linkage is fine. You only need the motor.
How long does a wiper motor usually last?
Most motors last 10 to 15 years. They fail faster in very cold climates where they have to push heavy snow and ice frequently.
What is the “humming” sound I hear?
A humming sound means the motor is getting power but cannot move. This is usually caused by a seized linkage or something blocking the wiper arms.
